Infección Nosocomial: situación en España
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37536/RIECS.2023.8.1.365Keywords:
Infección nosocomial, Neumonía, Bacteriemia, Bacteriemia relacionada con el catéter, Infección de piel y partes blandas, Infección de la herida quirúrgica, Infección por Clostidioides difficile, COVID-19, Coste asistencial, IRASAbstract
Las infecciones Relacionadas con la Asistencia Sanitaria (IRAS) afectan a un 5-10% de todos los hospitalizados, cifras que con frecuencia no incluyen las adquiridas fuera del medio hospitalario pero en relación con procedimientos para el cuidado de la salud. Las más importantes son la Infección Urinaria relacionada con el catéter urinario (CAUTI), la bacteriemia nosocomial, habitualmente causada por infección de catéteres endovasculares, la infección respiratoria, la de piel y tejidos blandos, encabezada por la infección del sitio quirúrgico y la diarrea asociada a C. difficile. Los microorganismos causantes van desde los virus a los parásitos pero son las bacterias y en segundo lugar los hongos los más frecuentemente causales de infección nosocomial. La resistencia a antimicrobianos de muchos de estos agentes es un motivo más de preocupación. La pandemia de COVID-19 ha venido a deteriorar las medidas de control de las infecciones nosocomiales y a deteriorar sus cifras. España, según datos del estudio EPINE, tiene cifras de IRAS que podemos considerar aceptables pero que testimonian que no hemos mejorado en los últimos 10 años. Finalmente, y pese a las dificultades de cuantificarlo, el coste económico de estas infecciones es astronómico y puede estimarse para nuestro País por encima d ellos 1.000 millones de euros
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