El laboratorio en la vigilancia, el control y la investigación de la rabia en España. La experiencia del Centro Nacional de Microbiología
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37536/RIECS.2021.6.1.264Keywords:
Rabia, Lisavirus, Murciélagos, Vigilancia, Laboratorio, Enfermedades emergentesAbstract
España presenta una situación peculiar Europa, ya que nunca se vio afectada por la epizootia europea de rabia vulpina, pero mantiene un tráfico intenso de bienes y personas con territorios altamente endémicos del norte de África, e incluso fronteras terrestres en Ceuta y Melilla, lo que nos coloca en una situación vulnerable en cuanto a importación de casos. Por otra parte, sabemos de la presencia de dos de los lisavirus de murciélago europeos en nuestro territorio. El laboratorio es un elemento esencial en la vigilancia que se hace imprescindible ante esta situación. El Centro Nacional de Microbiología lleva más de treinta años actuando de laboratorio nacional de referencia en apoyo de los laboratorios autonómicos existentes y haciendo diagnóstico para el resto del territorio, además de representar a España en la red europea de laboratorios RABNET. Así, en el CNM se han diagnosticado y caracterizado la gran mayoría de los casos declarados en España en este período, tanto de rabia de murciélagos, como de rabia importada animal y humana. De manera complementaria a esta actividad de vigilancia, se realizan investigaciones tanto sobre rabia canina como de murciélagos, que, desde hace años, se han ampliado a otros agentes víricos asociados a murciélagos.
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