Situación sanitaria de la población refugiada en los campos de desplazados de Grecia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37536/RIECS.2020.5.2.230Keywords:
Grecia, Refugiado, Solicitante de asilo, Salud, Sistema sanitario, Vacunación, Población vulnerableAbstract
Introducción: Desde 2011 nos encontramos ante una gran crisis migratoria que en Europa afecta especialmente a Grecia. La población desplazada en Grecia la constituyen: 76.099 solicitantes de asilo, 48.026 refugiados, 13.434 en situación parecida a la de los refugiados y 198 apátridas. De ellos, un 40,6% son hombres, un 23% mujeres y un 36,4% menores. La nacionalidad más prevalente es la siria, seguida de la afgana y la iraquí.
Metodología: Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos utilizando como buscador PubMed. Se utilizaron como filtros “free full text” y “5 years”. En total, se encontraron 342 artículos, que se redujeron a 41. Se buscó información introduciendo el término “Grecia” las páginas de Amnistía Internacional, Médicos Sin Fronteras, Médicos del Mundo y Unicef. Por último, se tomaron datos de ACNUR y OCDE.
Objetivos: Caracterizar los problemas sanitarios principales de la población migrante y realizar una valoración del sistema sanitario griego.
Resultados: Se determinan como más prevalentes las patologías relacionadas con hipotermia, infecciones y traumas, en el momento de recepción mientras que en los campos de desplazados toma especial importancia el tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas y de patología psicosocial a raíz del cierre de la ruta de los Balcanes.
Conclusiones: Debido a la crisis económica y a un sistema sanitario desigual e ineficaz, Grecia no cuenta con la capacidad necesaria de recepción de población migrante en general ni para las poblaciones especialmente vulnerables como son las mujeres y los menores no acompañados. El cierre de la ruta de los Balcanes y el acuerdo UE-Turquía ha empeorado la situación.
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