La respuesta inmune frente a SARS-CoV-2, ¿un arma de doble filo?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37536/RIECS.2020.5.1.212Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Coronavirus, Tormenta de citocinas, Interferón, Anticuerpos neutralizantes, VacunasAbstract
La pandemia por el nuevo coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, ha provocado más de 350.000 muertes en el mundo. En este artículo se revisan los principales mecanismos de respuesta inmune frente a la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Todavía no disponemos de un cuadro completo de la enfermedad, sus mecanismos patogénicos y las respuestas inmunes protectoras. Los datos publicados sugieren que las respuestas mediadas por interferón clase I en las fases iniciales probablemente son el principal mecanismo de control de la infección por la inmunidad innata. Una vez que las respuestas adaptativas se producen, la síntesis de anticuerpos IgG con capacidad neutralizante son el principal mecanismo de curación, sin que podamos excluir una acción complementaria de las respuestas celulares, CD4, CD8 y NK. En un porcentaje del 10-20% de pacientes que desarrollan síntomas se produce un cuadro inflamatorio masivo de tormenta de citocinas y trastornos de la coagulación que agravan la enfermedad y ensombrecen el pronóstico de los pacientes infectados por SARS-CoV-2.
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