Agua
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37536/RIECS.2024.9.1.414Resumen
Cuando aparecieron los primeros humanos, las enfermedades infecciosas zoonóticas ya estaban ahí, si bien las enfermedades epidémicas no aparecieron hasta que hubo una densidad de población suficiente en contacto cercano, principalmente durante los últimos 10.000 años. El hacinamiento de cualquier población fomenta la transmisión de enfermedades, el caos y el desorden lo realzan aún más.
Citas
Driaux D. Water supply of ancient Egyptian settlements: the role of the state. Overview of a relatively equitable scheme from the Old to New Kingdom (ca. 2543-1077 BC). Water Hist. 2016:8:43-58. doi: 10.1007/s12685-015-0150-x.
Nunn, J.F. Ancient Egyptian Medicine, University of Oklahoma Press, Estados Unidos de América, 1996.
Ziskind B, B Halioua B. Tuberculosis in ancient Egypt. Water Hist. 2016:8:43-58.doi: 10.1007/s12685-015-0150-x.
Ruffer MA. Note of the presence of Bilharzia haematobia in Egyptian mummies ot the Twentieth Dinasty [1250-1000 B.C.] Br Med J. 1910 1;1(2557):16. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.2557.16-a.
Papagrigorakis MJ, Yapijakis C, Synodinos PN, Baziotopoulou-Valavani E. DNA examination of ancient dental pulp incriminates typhoid fever as a probable cause of the Plague of Athens. Int J Infect Dis. 2006, 10(3):206-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2005.09.001.
Yepes V. Breve historia de la ingeniería civil y sus procedimientos. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 2009
Ledermann DW. Were there infection disease specialists in Ancient Rome? Rev Chilena Infectol. 2010, 27(2):165-9.
Cancellieri M.The use of water as indication of the presence of life: technical ways of employment in the archaelogical documentation. Med Secoli. 1995;7(3):451-9.
Mitchell PD. Human parasites in the Roman World: health consequences of conquering an empire. Parasitology. 2017, 144(1):48-58. doi: 10.1017/S0031182015001651.
Robles-Osorio ML Sabath. E. Breve historia de la intoxicación por plomo: de la cultura egipcia al Renacimiento. Revista de Investigación Clínica 66, 1, 2014, 88-91.
Delile H, Blichert-Toft J, Goiran JP, Keay S, Francis Albarède F. Lead in ancient Rome's city Waters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014, 6;111(18):6594-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1400097111.
Martin, S., and Grube, N. Chronicles of the Maya kings and queens. London and New York: Thames and Hudson. 2008.
Dunning, N., Lentz, D., and Scarborough, V. Tikal – land, forest, and water: An introduction, in Tikal: Paleoecology of an ancient Maya city. Editors D. Lentz, N. Dunning, and V. Scarborough (Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press), 2015, 1–15.
Dunning, N., Beach, T., and Luzzadder-Beach, S. Kax and kol: Collapse and resilience in lowland Maya civilization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2012, 106, 3652–3657. doi:10.1073/pnas.1114838109
Dunning, N. P., Brewer, J., Carr, C., Anaya Hernández, A., Beach, T., Chmilar, J., et al. Harvesting ha: Ancient water collection and storage in the elevated interior region of the Maya lowlands, in Sustainability and water management in the Maya world and beyond. Editors J. Larmon, L. Lucero, and F. Valdez (Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado), 2022, 13–52.
Scarborough VL, Dunning NP, Tankersley KB, Carr C, Weaver E, Grazioso L, Lane B, Jones JG, Buttles P, Valdez F, Lentz DL. Water and sustainable land use at the ancient tropical city of Tikal, Guatemala. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012, 31;109(31):12408-13. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1202881109.
Lentz DL, Hamilton TL, Dunning NP, Tepe EJ, Scarborough VL, Meyers SA, Grazioso L, Weiss AA. Environmental DNA reveals arboreal cityscapes at the Ancient Maya Center of Tikal. Sci Rep. 2021 16;11(1):12725. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91620-6.
Guerra F., and Sánchez Tellez, MC. Las enfermedades del hombre americano. Quinto centenario, núm. 16. Edit. Univ. Complutense. Madrid, 1990
Lentz, D. L., Hamilton, T. L., Dunning, N. P., Scarborough, V. L., Luxton, T. P., Vonderheide, A., et al. Molecular genetic and geochemical assays reveal severe contamination of drinking water reservoirs at the ancient Maya city of Tikal. Sci. Rep. 2020, 10 (1), 10316–10319. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67044-z
Brier B. Infectious diseases in ancient Egypt. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2004, 18(1):17-27. doi: 10.1016/S0891-5520(03)00097-7.
