El cultivo de la autoconciencia y el bienestar emocional en los profesionales que trabajan con el sufrimiento
Autoconciencia y Bienestar Emocional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37536/RIECS.2019.4.S1.115Palabras clave:
Autocuidado, Autoconciencia, Autocompasión, Personal Sanitario, Mindfulness, Estrés Laboral, Satisfacción Laboral, Plasticidad Cerebral, Compasión, Distress EmpáticoResumen
Las personas que eligen profesiones de ayuda a otros, poseen una actitud compasiva, que en los sanitarios se orienta a tratar, cuidar y aliviar la enfermedad o el sufrimiento ajeno. Frecuentemente su profesión los lleva a enfrentarse a situaciones de impacto emocional, a menudo con escasas habilidades para afrontarlas.
Estar expuesto cotidianamente al sufrimiento, sin la conciencia apropiada para tomar la perspectiva adecuada, gestionar las emociones, y poder responder constructivamente, puede producir en el profesional sobreimplicación emocional, desgaste empático o estrés traumático secundario, y burnout.
Recientes avances en neurociencias y psicología, facilitan una mejor comprensión de la relación de ayuda (profesional–paciente), y han evidenciado la influencia positiva de intervenciones formativas, adaptadas de prácticas contemplativas. Éstas permiten entrenar y cultivar habilidades que desarrollan la autoconciencia, una gestión emocional eficiente, mayor resiliencia y compasión.
El desarrollo de estas habilidades fundamentales en el trabajo clínico, a través del entrenamiento, permiten evitar el contagio emocional y el distrés profesional, y como consecuencia fomentar una mayor satisfacción profesional.
Aquí se revisan, algunas bases neurobiológicas de la empatía, la compasión, y la gestión emocional, y algunas evidencias sobre los beneficios de cultivar atención, autoconciencia, compasión y la metacognición, en el afrontamiento eficiente del sufrimiento y el bienestar de los profesionales que trabajan con el sufrimiento.
Se presenta finalmente una propuesta de intervención orientada a promover entre los profesionales, la solidez y flexibilidad emocional necesarios para trabajar de forma segura, eficiente y gozosa, y recuperar el sentido humanista y compasivo de la vocación profesional.
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